Fiber optic kafofin watsa labarai duk wata hanyar watsa labarai ce ta hanyar sadarwa wacce gabaɗaya ke amfani da gilashi, ko fiber fiber a wasu lokuta na musamman, don watsa bayanan cibiyar sadarwa ta hanyar bugun haske.A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, fiber na gani ya zama sanannen nau'in watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shiryen hanyar sadarwa yayin da ake ci gaba da ci gaba da haɓaka buƙatu mai girma.
Fasahar fiber optic ta bambanta a cikin aikinta fiye da daidaitattun kafofin watsa labarai na jan ƙarfe saboda watsawa “dijital” ƙwanƙwasa haske ne maimakon canjin wutar lantarki.A sauƙaƙe, watsawar fiber optic yana ɓoye waɗanda da sifili na watsawar hanyar sadarwa ta dijital ta hanyar kunnawa da kashe fitilun fitilu na tushen hasken Laser, na tsawon tsayin da aka ba su, a mitoci masu yawa.Tushen hasken yawanci ko dai Laser ne ko kuma wani nau'in Diode-Emitting Diode (LED).Hasken hasken da ke fitowa yana kunna da kashewa a tsarin bayanan da ake rufawa.Hasken yana tafiya cikin fiber har sai siginar hasken ya isa inda aka nufa kuma na'urar ganowa ta gani ta karanta.
An inganta igiyoyin fiber optic don tsayin haske ɗaya ko fiye.Tsawon madaidaicin tushen haske shine tsayin, wanda aka auna shi da nanometers (biliyoyinths na mita, gajeriyar "nm"), tsakanin kololuwar igiyoyin ruwa a cikin yanayin haske na yau da kullun daga wannan tushen hasken.Kuna iya tunanin tsayin raƙuman ruwa azaman launi na haske, kuma yana daidai da saurin hasken da aka raba ta mita.A cikin yanayin Fiber-Mode Fiber (SMF), yawancin tsayin haske daban-daban ana iya watsa shi akan fiber na gani ɗaya a kowane lokaci.Wannan yana da amfani don haɓaka ƙarfin watsawa na kebul na fiber optic tunda kowane tsayin haske sigina ce ta musamman.Don haka, ana iya ɗaukar sigina da yawa akan madaidaicin fiber na gani.Wannan yana buƙatar lasers da na'urori masu ganowa da yawa kuma ana kiransa Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM).
Yawanci, filaye na gani suna amfani da tsawon tsayi tsakanin 850 zuwa 1550 nm, ya danganta da tushen haske.Musamman, Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF) ana amfani dashi a 850 ko 1300 nm kuma ana amfani da SMF a 1310, 1490, da 1550 nm (kuma, a cikin tsarin WDM, a cikin tsayin daka kusa da waɗannan manyan raƙuman ruwa na farko).Sabuwar fasaha tana ƙara wannan zuwa 1625 nm don SMF wanda ake amfani da shi don hanyoyin sadarwa na gani na gani na gaba (PON) don aikace-aikacen FTTH (Fiber-To-The-Home).Gilashin tushen silica ya fi bayyana a cikin waɗannan tsayin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa, sabili da haka watsawa ya fi dacewa (akwai ƙarancin ƙarancin siginar) a cikin wannan kewayon.Don tunani, hasken da ake iya gani (hasken da kuke iya gani) yana da tsayin raƙuman ruwa a cikin kewayo tsakanin 400 zuwa 700 nm.Yawancin hanyoyin hasken fiber na gani suna aiki a cikin kewayon infrared na kusa (tsakanin 750 da 2500 nm).Ba za ku iya ganin hasken infrared ba, amma tushen hasken fiber optic ne mai tasiri sosai.
Multimode fiber yawanci 50/125 da 62.5/125 a yi.Wannan yana nufin cewa jigon zuwa cladding diamita rabo shine 50 microns zuwa 125 microns da 62.5 microns zuwa 125 microns.Akwai nau'ikan multimode fiber faci na USB da ake samu a yau, mafi yawanci sune multimode sc patch na USB fiber, LC, ST, FC, ect.
Nasihu: Yawancin tushen hasken fiber na gani na gargajiya na iya aiki ne kawai a cikin bakan tsayin raƙuman da ake iya gani da kuma sama da kewayon tsayin raƙuman ruwa, ba a takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa ɗaya ba.Lasers (hasken haɓakawa ta hanyar haɓakar fitar da hasken rana) da LEDs suna samar da haske a cikin iyakataccen iyaka, har ma da tsayin tsayi ɗaya, bakan.
GARGADI: Maɓuɓɓugan hasken Laser da aka yi amfani da su tare da igiyoyin fiber optic (kamar igiyoyin OM3) suna da matuƙar haɗari ga hangen nesa.Kallon kai tsaye a ƙarshen fiber na gani mai rai na iya haifar da mummunan lahani ga retina.Za a iya sanya ku makanta ta dindindin.Kada a taɓa kallon ƙarshen kebul na fiber optic ba tare da sanin farko cewa babu wata hanyar haske da ke aiki ba.
Ƙaddamar da filaye na gani (duka SMF da MMF) sun ragu a tsawon tsayin raƙuman ruwa.Sakamakon haka, sadarwar nesa mai tsayi tana ƙoƙarin faruwa a 1310 da 1550 nm tsayin raƙuman ruwa akan SMF.Filayen gani na yau da kullun suna da haɓaka mafi girma a 1385 nm.Wannan kololuwar ruwa sakamakon ƙananan adadi ne (a cikin yanki-da-milyan kewayon) na ruwa da aka haɗa yayin aikin masana'anta.Musamman ita ce tasha -OH (hydroxyl) kwayoyin halitta wanda ke faruwa yana da halayen halayensa a tsawon 1385 nm;don haka yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar haɓakawa a wannan tsayin daka.A tarihi, tsarin sadarwa yana aiki a kowane gefen wannan kololuwar.
Lokacin da fitilun fitilu suka isa wurin da aka nufa, firikwensin na'urar firikwensin yana ɗaukan kasancewar ko rashi na siginar hasken kuma ya mayar da bugun hasken zuwa siginonin lantarki.Yayin da siginar hasken ke watsewa ko fuskantar iyakoki, mafi girman yuwuwar asarar sigina (attenuation).Bugu da ƙari, kowane mai haɗin fiber optic tsakanin tushen sigina da manufa yana ba da yuwuwar asarar sigina.Don haka, dole ne a shigar da masu haɗin kai daidai a kowace haɗi.Akwai nau'ikan haɗin fiber na gani da yawa da ake samu a yau.Mafi yawanci sune: ST, SC, FC, MT-RJ da LC style connectors.Duk waɗannan nau'ikan haɗin za a iya amfani da su tare da ko dai multimode ko fiber yanayin guda ɗaya.
Yawancin tsarin watsa fiber na LAN/WAN suna amfani da fiber ɗaya don watsawa ɗaya kuma don liyafar.Koyaya, sabuwar fasahar tana ba da damar watsa fiber optic don watsawa ta hanyoyi biyu akan madaidaicin fiber iri ɗaya (misali, am cwdm muxta amfani da fasahar WDM).Matsakaicin tsayin haske daban-daban ba sa tsoma baki tare da juna tunda an kunna na'urori don karanta takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa kawai.Don haka, yawan tsawon zangon da kuke aika sama da sashe ɗaya na fiber na gani, ƙarin gano abubuwan da kuke buƙata.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-03-2021